Diseases

Kimberly Prescott

4 Science

r. Explain a few social and economic implications of STDs


 * __Social implications of STDs: __**

Changes in attitudes toward sexuality have contributed to the rise in incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. The persistence of social stigma towards STD acts as a barrier to treatment-seeking. The exaggerated threat of genital herpes has led to unnecessary suffering, anxiety and increased social stigma, but is unlikely to alter sexual behaviour. A change in attitudes will be necessary if attempts to control the spread of STDs are to be successful.

However, there are some social factors which make an individual more vulnerable to indulge into risk-taking behaviours, thereby increasing the risk of acquiring STDs. These social factors include educational status, socio-economic status, marital status, type of family, religion, social disharmony, etc.


 * __Economic __** **__implications of STDs: __**

There is an increase of persons contracting STDs around the world. This leads to many finances going towards treatment and facilities to treat infected individuals with STDs.

Improving the health conditions of individuals and families in the developing world has long been a priority. STDs are a serious problem not only because they are widespread, but also because they may have delayed, long-term consequences, including poor maternal health, etc. Millions of men and women suffering these and other effects of STDs are hindered in their ability to provide for their families and contribute to their society. For countries struggling to develop economically, the health and economic costs are immense.


 * __Statistics __****: **

More than 12 million Americans, 3 million of whom are teenagers, are infected with STDs each year.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines remains a low HIV-Prevalence country with an estimated 0.4% prevalence in the general population. The steady advancement of the Mother-to Child Transmission Programme providing voluntary counselling and testing to pregnant women and achieving coverage of 85-100%.

References:

[]

[]

[]



<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Deficiency diseases are diseases caused by the lack of a particular nutrient in a person's diet or plant.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Nitrogen Deficiency in Tomato Plants
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Nitrogen deficiency causes a delay in the growth of the plant. Leaf production will be sparse and the leaves present will be stunted. A purplish tint may be present while in older leaves a yellow color will be present to indicate the absence of nitrogen. (Some tomato varieties exhibit purplish tints naturally in healthy plants). This deficiency is easily treated with fertilizer with a nitrogen component.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">A phosphorous deficiency is evidenced by short and very thin growth, with leaves curling and drooping. Leaves may also show a dark purple tint to indicate phosphorous is lacking. Phosphorous deficiencies can be prevented by adding sufficient fertilizer to the plant
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Tomatoes with potassium deficiencies will show leaves that yellow but retain green veins, much like magnesium deficiency. However, the leaf margins or edges will be brown and curled. Fruit will not ripen properly showing a blotchy or green or yellow spots. Potassium deficiency can be treated with any basic garden fertilizer.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Phosphorous Deficiency

 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">A phosphorous deficiency is evidenced by short and very thin growth, with leaves curling and drooping. Leaves may also show a dark purple tint to indicate phosphorous is lacking. Phosphorous deficiencies can be prevented by adding sufficient fertilizer to the plant

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Potassium Deficiency

 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Tomatoes with potassium deficiencies will show leaves that yellow but retain green veins, much like magnesium deficiency. However, the leaf margins or edges will be brown and curled. Fruit will not ripen properly showing a blotchy or green or yellow spots. Potassium deficiency can be treated with any basic garden fertilizer.

//<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">BY ZONIQUE DUBLIN :) //

What is a vector?

A vector is an organism, typically a biting insect, which transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another.

Example of vectors:


 * Bats
 * Fleas
 * House Flies
 * Mosquitoes
 * Sand Flies
 * Ticks

How do vectors work?

The mosquito –

Mosquitoes, by far are the most important of the disease vectors, number over 3,000 species worldwide. Only the female mosquito can transmit diseases because only she, and not the male, has the knife-like mouthparts needed to extract blood from her victims. She also needs the blood meal to provide protein for egg formation.

When a mosquito bites a sick person (for example one with a disease such as malaria), they ingest the parasites, viruses or bacteria present in the victim's blood. This parasite, virus or bacteria lives within the mosquito until it dies. When the mosquito then requires more blood to reproduce once more it continues to bite another victim, when this happen the infection (malaria the disease) collected from the infected person penetrates the blood stream of the current victim, the disease therefore being transmitted from the mosquito to the bitten person.

By Sonja Hull ___

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #eb1e83; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Information taken from 'Biology: A Concise Revision Course For CXC' by Anne Tindale; page 88.
//**<span style="color: #eb1e83; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">By: Kaela Barrett **//

Describe pathogenic diseases using an example in an animal.Give symptoms,treatment and control. A pathogenic disease is one caused by pathogens(parasitic microrganisms that get into the body of a host and cause disease.

There are 5 groups of pathogens:

Viruses e.g(influenza),bacteria e.g (syphilis),fungi e.g (ringworm),protozoans e.g (malaria),parasitic e.g(tapeworm).

Pathogenic diseases are also known as infectious diseases.

For example ,influenza (a virus) in humans ."//Minute particles composed of DNA enclosed in a protein coats which cannot reproduce outside the living cell inhibit cellular activity and destroy cell structure//." (Biology Concise,Anne Tindale 1998) "//The disease spreads from person to person through the air by droplets from the nose and mouth of a person who has the disease germs.//" (wiki.answers.com)


 * Symptoms: **
 * Fever
 * Headache
 * Muscular pain
 * Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
 * Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
 * Dizziness
 * Confusion


 * Treatment and Control: **
 * Vaccinations
 * Stay at home and get a lot of rest
 * Drink plenty of liquids
 * Consider over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms
 * 1) 5 By: Sabrina Browne

Explain what type of drug is alcohol (a legal harmful drug) and describe its effects on the body. According the Merriam Webster’s Dictionary, alcohol is defined as ‘<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">ethanol especially when considered as the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors’. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">According to Linda Atwaroo-ali 2003: <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">“Alcohol is found in alcoholic beverages and is a depressant of the central nervous system, including the brain. In small amounts its effects are to make to make the drinker more sociable, more self-confident and to give a sense of well-being and release from anxiety. However, people abuse alcohol by repeatedly drink beverages in excess of 'safe' amounts. People who must drink alcohol every day to cope with life are alcoholics The psychological dependence is classed as a disease called alcoholism. A 'drunk' person is one who has abused alcoholic beverages. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">An alcoholic is always 'drunk'.

Short- term effects of alcohol abuse <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• slurred speech; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• impaired mental functioning; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• Loss of muscular coordination; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• increased excretion leading to dehydration; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• Nausea and vomiting; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• Possibly violent or aggressive behaviour; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• Loss of consciousness may follow.

Long-term effects of alcohol abuse <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• physical and psychological dependence, <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• severe physical withdrawal symptoms - these include nausea, vomiting, shaking, abdominal cramps and pain and enlarged blood vessels in the face sudden discontinuation can lead to severe shaking, hallucinations and sometimes fatal convulsions; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• malnutrition and risk of deficiency diseases; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• cirrhosis of the liver - when dead cells in the liver become replaced with fibrous <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">tissue; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• liver cancer; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• stomach ulcers as alcohol irritates the stomach lining causing it to produce excess gastric juice, <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• coronary heart disease and high blood pressure; <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• a range of social, personal and occupational problems, <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">• during pregnancy can cause fetal abnormalities and poor physical and mental development in the fetus; it can also lead to miscarriage, low birth weight and mental retardation in the baby.”

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">MEDIA:

[] [|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXjANz][|9r5F0]

Done by: Paige Veira

Deficieny diseases in plants! <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Deficiency diseases are diseases caused by the lack of a particular nutrient in a person's diet.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Nitrogen Deficiency in Tomato Plants
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Nitrogen deficiency causes a delay in the growth of the plant. Leaf production will be sparse and the leaves present will be stunted. A purplish tint may be present while in older leaves a yellow color will be present to indicate the absence of nitrogen. (Some tomato varieties exhibit purplish tints naturally in healthy plants). This deficiency is easily treated with fertilizer with a nitrogen component.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">A phosphorous deficiency is evidenced by short and very thin growth, with leaves curling and drooping. Leaves may also show a dark purple tint to indicate phosphorous is lacking. Phosphorous deficiencies can be prevented by adding sufficient fertilizer to the plant
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Tomatoes with potassium deficiencies will show leaves that yellow but retain green veins, much like magnesium deficiency. However, the leaf margins or edges will be brown and curled. Fruit will not ripen properly showing a blotchy or green or yellow spots. Potassium deficiency can be treated with any basic garden fertilizer.

Potassium Deficiency
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">BY ZONIQUE DUBLIN

<span style="font-family: 'Engravers MT',serif; font-size: 10pt;">Rita Alexander <span style="font-family: 'Engravers MT',serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Form 4Science
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">1. **<span style="background-color: fuchsia; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">Health **<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and the absence of diseases. //__(Wikipedia and about WHO)__//


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">2.Disease ****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">- **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> an impairment of health or condition of abnormal functioning in the body. (//__The free dictionary By Farlex)__//

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">3. Lymphocyte <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">- a type of white blood cell with a large nucleus and little cytoplasm. //__(CXC Biology)__//

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">4. Phagocyte <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">- <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">a cell, such as a white blood cell, that engulfs and absorbs waste material, harmful microorganisms, or other foreign bodies in the bloodstream and tissues. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">//__(The free dictionary By Farlex)__//

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> 5 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">. Antigen- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> a cell or other substance which is recognised as foreign by the body’s white blood cells. //__(CXC Biology)__//

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 14pt;">6. Antibody <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">- a protein made by the white cells which attach to specific foreign cells or other substances (antigens) and help destroy them. //__(CXC Biology)__//

Done by Celeste Cumberbatch

** Plant pathology ** ** Plant pathogenic bacteria cause many different kinds of symptoms that include galls and overgrowths, wilts, leaf spots, specks and blights, soft rots, as well as scabs and cankers. In contrast to viruses, which are inside host cells, walled bacteria grow in the spaces between cells and do not invade them. The means by which plant pathogenic bacteria cause disease is as varied as the types of symptoms they cause. Some plant pathogenic bacteria produce toxins or inject special proteins that lead to host cell death or they produce enzymes that break down key structural components of plant cells and their walls. ** ** Examples of common bacterial diseases include **** bacterial blights of dry beans, bacterial blights and black chaff of wheat and barley, ring rot and blackleg of potato, fireblight of apples and related plants, bacterial wilt of cucumber and muskmelon, angular leafspot of cucumber, and bacterial speck and spot of tomato. **







** Control **
 * Bacterial diseases in plants are difficult to control. Emphasis is on preventing the spread of the bacteria rather than on curing the plant. Integrated management measures for bacterial plant pathogens include: **


 * 1. Genetic Host Resistance **


 * • Resistant varieties, cultivars, or hybrids is the most important control procedure. **


 * 2. Cultural Practices **


 * • Bacteria-free seed or propagation materials. **


 * • Sanitation, particularly disinfestations of pruning tools. **


 * • Cultural practices that can either eliminate or reduce sources of bacterial contamination, such as crop rotation to reduce over-wintering. **


 * • Preventing surface wounds that permit the entrance of bacteria into the inner tissues. **


 * • Prolonged exposure to dry air, heat, and sunlight will sometimes kill bacteria in plant material. **


 * 3. Chemical Applications **


 * • Applications of copper-containing compounds or Bordeaux mixture (copper sulphate and lime). **


 * • Insect control will help to eliminate vectors or reduce feeding wounds that can provide points of entry. **


 * 4. Biological Control **


 * • The use of antagonistic or biological control products such as Blight Ban and Agrosin K84 may also be effective for managing bacterial diseases of plants. **


 * 5. Government Regulatory Measures **


 * • The implementation of strict quarantines that exclude or restrict the introduction or movement of fungal and FLO pathogens or infected plant **

[]

==

==

Natural Defences:

<span style="color: #7030a0; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: justify;">Cilia and Sheets of mucus prevent dust and germs from traveling into the lungs, mucus in the nasal passages and trachea trap pathogens, and the cilia move mucus and pathogens to the pharynx to be swallowed.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #2a2a2a; display: block; font-family: 'segoe ui',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #2a2a2a; display: block; font-family: 'segoe ui',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;">**Cilia In The Nasal Passages,****Trachea and Lungs**

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #2a2a2a; display: block; font-family: 'segoe ui',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify;">**An Infected Sebaceous Gland**

The skin is a self repairing barrier against the entry of pathogens it is also water proof. The sebaceous glands which are found in all part of the skin except the soles and palms, produce an oily substance known as sebum that lubricates the skin and hair, large amounts of sebum protect the skin and hair from water. Sebum reduces the growth of micro-organisms anywhere o n the skin.

Tears produced by tear glands contain lysozyme which is mildly antiseptic, tears flush the eyes, washing away dirt/ particles and killing and getting rid of bacteria.



Conditions in the vagina and cervix are acidic due to lactic acid being produced in the vagina, this acidity kills bacteria and prevents the growth of pathogens, however the growth of some pathogens is inhibited.

media type="youtube" key="lrYlZJiuf18" height="315" width="420" align="center"

If pathogens do however enter the body, white blood cells attack and destroy them. Lymphocytes produce antibodies which start to destroy antigens, then phagocytes complete the destruction by swallowing, digesting and killing the pathogens.

Prepared by Harlee Richards

__ Diseases __ The Four main types of diseases are: Pathogenic, Deficiency, Hereditary & physiological. ** Pathogenic disease ** in animals: Cellulitis. ** Pathogenic disease ** in plants: Root rot. ** Deficiency disease ** in animals: Rickets. ** Deficiency disease ** in plants: Chlorosis. ** Hereditary disease ** in animals: Sickle cell anemia. ** Hereditary disease ** in plants: Rose mosaic Virus.

** Physiological disease ** in animals: Asthma. ** Physiological disease ** in plants: Oedema.

v //<span style="color: #92d050; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 24px;">Pathogen: An agent causing disease or illness to its host, such as an organism or infectious particle capable of producing a disease in another organism. //

v //<span style="color: #31849b; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 24px;">Communicable disease: ////<span style="color: #31849b; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 24px;">a disease that can be communicated from one person to another. //

v //<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 24px;">Communicable disease: ////<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 24px;">A type of disease that is not transmissible from the infected host to another. //



Prepared By: Krista Barbour.

**Physological Diseases in Plants**

Physiological diseases in plants are mainly caused by environmental conditions such as poor lighting, weather damage, water-logging or simply lack of nutrients. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Physiological disorders can affect plants in all stages of their lives. Effects of physiological diseases range from subtle symptoms not visibly apparent, to severely stunted and malformed growth. Unfortunately, these diseases are difficult to identify. Oedema is an example of a very popular physiological disease, occurring almost exclusively in controlled environment facilities. General symptoms of physiological diseases in plants include:

This leads to excessive cell growth.
 * 1 -3 mm diameter protrusions or brown flecks on the leaves of the plant
 * Callus-like growth on the stem, petioles and midveins

Treatment of the diseases in different plants:
 * Cool temperatures (for potatoes)
 * High humidity (for tomatoes)

There are many ways to control common physiological diseases. Though the control will be effective on most plants, not all plants will respond in the same way.


 * Providing and adequate source of UV radiation in the growth chamber and removing UV-absorbing barriers or replacing them with UV-transmitting material. This is very effective and readily available.
 * Several cultural procedures have been recommended to minimize oedema and might be applicable to a variety of plant species. This includes using a light, well-drained, peat-vermiculite growing medium with a pH of 5.0 – 5.5 maintaining high nitrogen and iron levels, maintaining cooler temperatures with good ventilation and watering only when necessary.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Reduce the number of people around plants and exercise care when you are in them.

([|www.controlledenvironment.com]) (//Wikipedia//)

By: Erin Gilbert

**__ Question __** k.) Describe physiological diseases using an example in animals. Give symptoms, treatment and control. **__ Physiological Diseases __**  Physiological diseases are caused by the malfunctioning of a body organ. It is when the organ is not functioning as it is supposed to.

Examples of physiological diseases are diabetes, hypertension, asthma, stroke, glaucoma.

**__ Diabetes __** Diabetes is caused by the pancreas not being able to produce enough insulin which is needed to move glucose present in our blood into cells to lower blood sugar level.

Diabetes is also caused when the body cells are unable to respond efficiently to insulin as often as a result of overweight.

There are two types of diabetes: Type I and Type II. Type I diabetes is common in children and young adults. It is where the body does not produce insulin. Type II diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. In type II diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin.

**__ Symptoms of diabetes __** Some symptoms of diabetes include:


 * Tiredness
 * Thirst
 * Weight loss
 * Increase urination
 * Coma
 * Increased blood sugar level
 * Excretion of sugar in urine
 * Sweet smelling breath

Diabetes can be controlled or treated in various ways. Some of these ways are: i.) By following a restricted diet which do not contain much carbohydrates so that much sugar wouldn't get into your blood. ii.) Taking tablets also help to control diabetes. They help to lower the amount of sugar in the blood. iii.) Insulin treatment. This is where a certain amount of insulin is taken every day which help the liver to turn the blood sugar into glycogen. iv.) Type II diabetes can be controlled by reduced obesity.
 * __ Control / Treatment __**

media type="youtube" key="jHRfDTqPzj4" width="425" height="350"

__ Done By: __**<span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Vijaya,sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Angelique Fitzpatrick **

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Explain how vectors work using the housefly as the vector and any disease that they carry (eg. Cholera).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Vectors spread diseases by carrying the pathogen from host to host. Example a housefly
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">A disease the houseflies carry is Cholera.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> The housefly picks up the Cholera from contaminated water and animal dung also landfill sites contaminating it appendages with bacteria from faeces.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> The fly then lands and feed on the food and spread the cholera prior to consumption.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">The fly was able to pick up the Cholera in or on its body when it feeds and the transfers the Cholera when it moves to another host.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Cholera is caused by a germ known as vibrio cholerae.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">This is a disease that interferes with the intestinal track.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Cholera is basically a water-borne contagion that is considered to be among the harshest ailments of the intestines. Usually, food and water infected by bacterium Vibrio cholera is responsible for the occurrence of this contagious malady.

__//**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace; font-size: 130%;">Done by Shanika John **//__

<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #76923c; display: block; font-family: Broadway; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px; text-align: center;">Using syphilis, give the causative agent, symptoms and control. Do the same for genital herpes. <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"> //__ Syphilis __// <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; color: #0070c0; font-family: 'Cooper Black',serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Causative agent <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Syphilis is caused by a corkscrew-shaped bacterium known as a spirochete. Its scientific name is <span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> Treponema pallidium. The bacteria moves by twisting, and can only survive for a short time outside the body. <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; color: #0070c0; font-family: 'Cooper Black',serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Symptoms <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #585858; font-family: Cambria,serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">The symptoms of syphilis are the same for men and women and can be difficult to recognise. They are often mild, which means you can pass on the infection without knowing you have got it. <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #585858; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">The symptoms develop in three stages: <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #585858; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;">1. Primary syphilis <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #585858; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;">2. Secondary syphilis <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #585858; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;">3. Tertiary syphilis <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="color: #365f91; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Primary syphilis <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 63pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">painless sore or ulcer (called a chancre ) usually only one <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 63pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">swollen lymph glands <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="color: #365f91; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Secondary syphilis <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> a non-itchy skin rash appearing anywhere on the body, but commonly on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">tiredness <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Headaches <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">White patches on the tongue or roof of the mouth. <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Patchy hair loss. <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="color: #365f91; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tertiary syphilis(late/latent stage) <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"> stroke <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">loss of co-ordination <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">numbness eventually paralysis <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">blindness <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">deafness <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;">heart disease <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 60pt; margin-right: 12pt; margin-top: 0.05in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">skin rashes <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; color: #0070c0; font-family: 'Cooper Black',serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Control <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"> //__ Genital Herpes __// <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; color: #0070c0; font-family: 'Cooper Black',serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Causative agent <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #effbff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 12.75pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"> · <span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif;">Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).There are two types of HSV, HSV-1 and HSV-2. <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #effbff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 12.75pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif;">HSV-1 is usually responsible for cold sores while __<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif;">HSV-2 __ <span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif;">is the one that most commonly causes //__<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif;">Genital herpes __//<span style="font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif;">.
 * <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Lucida Calligraphy'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 17px;">Ensure that official public health statutes and/or regulations mandate syphyliss on all pregnant women at the time of the initial prenatal visit
 * <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Lucida Calligraphy'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 17px;">Assess the pregnancy status of women with diagnosed syphilis and of women who are the sex partners of men with diagnosed syphilis.
 * <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Lucida Calligraphy'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 17px;">Encourage prenatal screening for syphilis wherever pregnant women are seen for health care
 * <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Lucida Calligraphy'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 17px;">Deliver educational messages to the medical community about laboratory tests, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and follow-up of patients who are at risk of infection and who may be pregnant.
 * <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: 'Lucida Calligraphy'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 17px;">Persons should avoid sexual contact unti they get better

<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #effbff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #0070c0; font-family: 'Cooper Black',serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Symptom <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Cracked, raw, or red areas around your genitals without pain, itching, or tingling <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Itching or tingling around your genitals or your anal region <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Small blisters that break open and cause painful sores around your genitals <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Pain from urine passing over the sores <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;">Headaches <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> ,Muscle aches, <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> Backaches <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Flu-like symptoms, including fever, swollen glands, and fatigue <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0in;"> · <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Berlin Sans FB',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: red; text-decoration: none;">Swollen and tender lymph nodes <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"> in the groin

<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.292969); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; color: #0070c0; font-family: 'Cooper Black',serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Control <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> · Avoid any sexual activity during an outbreak <span style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175,192,227,0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77,128,180,0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26,26,26,0.296875); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"> · <span style="background-image: initial; font-family: 'Lucida Calligraphy'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 17px;">Take antiviral medications as recommended by your doctor

· <span style="background-image: initial; font-family: 'Lucida Calligraphy'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 17px;">Maintain an overall healthy lifestyle. · <span style="background-color: #e5e5e5; background-image: initial; font-family: 'Lucida Calligraphy'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 17px;">Avoid touching (Touching the area when you have an outbreak can cause you to spread it to other parts of your body as well as to someone else )

· @http://www.ehow.com/how_5642636_-herpes.html · @http://www.articlesbase.com/diseases-and-conditions-articles/genital-herpes--316451.html · <span style="color: #388222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/STDFact-Syphilis.htm · <span style="color: #388222; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">www.avert.org/syphilis.htm

DONE BY : Camila Neptune

Discuss the social and economic effects of drug abuse. __**Social Effects:**__ <span style="color: #ff0066; display: block; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; position: absolute; text-indent: -18px;">• Family life is destroyed as addicts usually engaged in neglect and abuse of family members. Also drug abuse has been a factor in divorce and related problems of family abuse. The social effects extend into a larger society, as well, such as crime increases; addicts sometimes engage in acts of robbery to sustain the drug habit. Further, the lucrative nature of drug trafficking fuels crime as a rival drug fight for the control of traffic and money, an example of this is the U.S. government, they noted increased drug-related violence on the U.S.-Mexico border and cited drug gangs in these areas as the nation's leading organized crime threat. Also productivity at the work place suffers due to the absenteeism and lack of concentration. __**Economic Effects**__ Government expenditure in curing the various types of ailments caused by drug abuse could be put to alternative uses. . Because a central principle in economics is that resources are scarce and require decisions about how to allocate them, it follows that money spent on drug enforcement is money not spent on education, public infrastructure, or given to the public in the form of lower taxes. Another economic effect is the loss of human productivity, lost of wages, decrease production that results from illnesses caused by drug abuse.

By: Twanie Fergus